# Subpart 13.1 - Procedures

## 13.101 General.

1. (a) In making purchases, contracting officers shall-

   1. (1) Comply with the policy in 7.202 relating to economic purchase quantities, when practicable;

   2. (2) Satisfy the procedures described in subpart 19.6 with respect to Certificates of Competency before rejecting a quotation, oral or written, from a small business concern determined to be nonresponsible (see subpart 9.1); and

   3. (3) Provide for the inspection of supplies or services as prescribed in 46.404.

2. (b) In making purchases, contracting officers should-

   1. (1) Include related items (such as small hardware items or spare parts for vehicles) in one solicitation and make award on an “all-or-none” or “multiple award” basis provided suppliers are so advised when quotations or offers are requested;

   2. (2) Incorporate provisions and clauses by reference in solicitations and in awards under requests for quotations, provided the requirements in 52.102 are satisfied;

   3. (3) Make maximum effort to obtain trade and prompt payment discounts (see 14.408-3). Prompt payment discounts shall not be considered in the evaluation of quotations; and

   4. (4) Use bulk funding to the maximum extent practicable. Bulk funding is a system whereby the contracting officer receives authorization from a fiscal and accounting officer to obligate funds on purchase documents against a specified lump sum of funds reserved for the purpose for a specified period of time rather than obtaining individual obligational authority on each purchase document. Bulk funding is particularly appropriate if numerous purchases using the same type of funds are to be made during a given period.

## 13.102 Source list.

1. (a) Contracting officers should use the System for Award Management (see subpart 4.11) viahttps://www.sam.gov as their primary sources of vendor information. Offices maintaining additional vendor source files or listings should identify the status of each source (when the status is made known to the contracting office) in the following categories:

   1. (1) Small business.

   2. (2) Small disadvantaged business.

   3. (3) Women-owned small business concern, including economically disadvantaged women-owned small business concerns and women-owned small business concerns eligible under the Women-owned Small Business (WOSB) Program.

   4. (4) HUBZone small business.

   5. (5) Service-disabled veteran-owned small business.

   6. (6) Veteran-owned small business.

2. (b) The status information may be used as the basis to ensure that small business concerns are provided the maximum practicable opportunities to respond to solicitations issued using simplified acquisition procedures.

## 13.103 Use of standing price quotations.

Authorized individuals do not have to obtain individual quotations for each purchase. Standing price quotations may be used if-

1. (a) The pricing information is current; and

2. (b) The Government obtains the benefit of maximum discounts before award.

## 13.104 Promoting competition.

The contracting officer must promote competition to the maximum extent practicable to obtain supplies and services from the source whose offer is the most advantageous to the Government, considering the administrative cost of the purchase.

1. (a) The contracting officer must not-

   1. (1) Solicit quotations based on personal preference; or

   2. (2) Restrict solicitation to suppliers of well-known and widely distributed makes or brands.

2. (b) If using simplified acquisition procedures and not providing access to the notice of proposed contract action and solicitation information through the Governmentwide point of entry (GPE), maximum practicable competition ordinarily can be obtained by soliciting quotations or offers from sources within the local trade area. Unless the contract action requires synopsis pursuant to 5.101 and an exception under 5.202 is not applicable, consider solicitation of at least three sources to promote competition to the maximum extent practicable. Whenever practicable, request quotations or offers from two sources not included in the previous solicitation.

## 13.105 Synopsis and posting requirements.

1. (a) The contracting officer must comply with the public display and synopsis requirements of 5.101 and 5.203 unless an exception in 5.202 applies.

2. (b) When acquiring commercial items or supplies or services procured in accordance with 12.102(f)(1), the contracting officer may use a combined synopsis and solicitation. In these cases, a separate solicitation is not required. The contracting officer must include enough information to permit suppliers to develop quotations or offers.

3. (c) See 5.102(a)(6) for the requirement to post a brand name justification or documentation required by 13.106-1(b) or 13.501.

4. (d) When publicizing contract actions funded in whole or in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-5):

   1. (1) Notices of proposed contract actions shall follow the procedures in 5.704 for posting orders.

   2. (2) Award notices shall follow the procedures in 5.705.

## 13.106 Soliciting competition, evaluation of quotations or offers, award and documentation.

### 13.106-1 Soliciting competition.

1. (a) Considerations.In soliciting competition, the contracting officer shall consider the guidance in 13.104 and the following before requesting quotations or offers:

   1. (1)

      1. (i) The nature of the article or service to be purchased and whether it is highly competitive and readily available in several makes or brands, or is relatively noncompetitive.

      2. (ii) An electronic commerce method that employs widespread electronic public notice is not available; and

      3. (iii) The urgency of the proposed purchase.

      4. (iv) The dollar value of the proposed purchase.

      5. (v) Past experience concerning specific dealers’ prices.

   2. (2) When soliciting quotations or offers, the contracting officer shall notify potential quoters or offerors of the basis on which award will be made (price alone or price and other factors, e.g., past performance and quality). Contracting officers are encouraged to use best value. Solicitations are not required to state the relative importance assigned to each evaluation factor and subfactor, nor are they required to include subfactors.

2. (b) Soliciting from a single source.

   1. (1) For purchases not exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold.

      1. (i) Contracting officers may solicit from one source if the contracting officer determines that the circumstances of the contract action deem only one source reasonably available (e.g., urgency, exclusive licensing agreements, brand-name or industrial mobilization).

      2. (ii) Where a single source is identified to provide a portion of a purchase because that portion of the purchase specifies a particular brand-name item, the documentation in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section only applies to the portion of the purchase requiring the brand-name item. The documentation should state it is covering only the portion of the acquisition which is brand-name.

   2. (2) For purchases exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold. The requirements at 13.501(a) apply to sole-source (including brand-name) acquisitions of commercial items conducted pursuant to subpart 13.5.

   3. (3) See 5.102(a)(6) for the requirement to post the brand-name justification or documentation.

3. (c) Soliciting orally.

   1. (1) The contracting officer shall solicit quotations orally to the maximum extent practicable, if-

      1. (i) The acquisition does not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold;

      2. (ii) Oral solicitation is more efficient than soliciting through available electronic commerce alternatives; and

      3. (iii) Notice is not required under 5.101.

   2. (2) However, an oral solicitation may not be practicable for contract actions exceeding $25,000 unless covered by an exception in 5.202.

4. (d) Written solicitations.If obtaining electronic or oral quotations is uneconomical or impracticable, the contracting officer should issue paper solicitations for contract actions likely to exceed $25,000. The contracting officer shall issue a written solicitation for construction requirements exceeding $2,000.

5. (e) Use of options. Options may be included in solicitations, provided the requirements of subpart 17.2 are met and the aggregate value of the acquisition and all options does not exceed the dollar threshold for use of simplified acquisition procedures.

6. (f) Inquiries. An agency should respond to inquiries received through any medium (including electronic commerce) if doing so would not interfere with the efficient conduct of the acquisition.

### 13.106-2 Evaluation of quotations or offers.

1. (a) General.

   1. (1) The contracting officer shall evaluate quotations or offers-

      1. (i) In an impartial manner; and

      2. (ii) Inclusive of transportation charges from the shipping point of the supplier to the delivery destination.

   2. (2) Quotations or offers shall be evaluated on the basis established in the solicitation.

   3. (3) All quotations or offers shall be considered (see paragraph (b) of this subsection).

2. (b) Evaluation procedures.

   1. (1) The contracting officer has broad discretion in fashioning suitable evaluation procedures. The procedures prescribed in parts 14 and 15 are not mandatory. At the contracting officer’s discretion, one or more, but not necessarily all, of the evaluation procedures in part 14 or 15 may be used.

   2. (2) If telecommuting is not prohibited, agencies shall not unfavorably evaluate an offer because it includes telecommuting unless the contracting officer executes a written determination in accordance with FAR 7.108(b).

   3. (3) If using price and other factors, ensure that quotations or offers can be evaluated in an efficient and minimally burdensome fashion. Formal evaluation plans and establishing a competitive range, conducting discussions, and scoring quotations or offers are not required. Contracting offices may conduct comparative evaluations of offers. Evaluation of other factors, such as past performance-

      1. (i) Does not require the creation or existence of a formal data base; and

      2. (ii) May be based on one or more of the following:

         1. (A) The contracting officer’s knowledge of and previous experience with the supply or service being acquired;

         2. (B) Customer surveys, and past performance questionnaire replies;

         3. (C) The Contractor Performance Assessment Reporting System (CPARS) at https://www.cpars.gov; or

         4. (D) Any other reasonable basis.

   4. (4) For acquisitions conducted using a method that permits electronic response to the solicitation, the contracting officer may-

      1. (i) After preliminary consideration of all quotations or offers, identify from all quotations or offers received one that is suitable to the user, such as the lowest priced brand name product, and quickly screen all lower priced quotations or offers based on readily discernible value indicators, such as past performance, warranty conditions, and maintenance availability; or

      2. (ii) Where an evaluation is based only on price and past performance, make an award based on whether the lowest priced of the quotations or offers having the highest past performance rating possible represents the best value when compared to any lower priced quotation or offer.

### 13.106-3 Award and documentation.

1. (a) Basis for award. Before making award, the contracting officer must determine that the proposed price is fair and reasonable.

   1. (1) Whenever possible, base price reasonableness on competitive quotations or offers.

   2. (2) If only one response is received, include a statement of price reasonableness in the contract file. The contracting officer may base the statement on-

      1. (i) Market research;

      2. (ii) Comparison of the proposed price with prices found reasonable on previous purchases;

      3. (iii) Current price lists, catalogs, or advertisements. However, inclusion of a price in a price list, catalog, or advertisement does not, in and of itself, establish fairness and reasonableness of the price;

      4. (iv) A comparison with similar items in a related industry;

      5. (v) The contracting officer’s personal knowledge of the item being purchased;

      6. (vi) Comparison to an independent Government estimate; or

      7. (vii) Any other reasonable basis.

   3. (3) Occasionally an item can be obtained only from a supplier that quotes a minimum order price or quantity that either unreasonably exceeds stated quantity requirements or results in an unreasonable price for the quantity required. In these instances, the contracting officer should inform the requiring activity of all facts regarding the quotation or offer and ask it to confirm or alter its requirement. The file shall be documented to support the final action taken.

2. (b) File documentation and retention. Keep documentation to a minimum. Purchasing offices shall retain data supporting purchases (paper or electronic) to the minimum extent and duration necessary for management review purposes (see subpart 4.8). The following illustrate the extent to which quotation or offer information should be recorded:

   1. (1) Oral solicitations.The contracting office should establish and maintain records of oral price quotations in order to reflect clearly the propriety of placing the order at the price paid with the supplier concerned. In most cases, this will consist merely of showing the names of the suppliers contacted and the prices and other terms and conditions quoted by each.

   2. (2) Written solicitations (see 2.101). For acquisitions not exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold, limit written records of solicitations or offers to notes or abstracts to show prices, delivery, references to printed price lists used, the supplier or suppliers contacted, and other pertinent data.

   3. (3) Special situations. Include additional statements-

      1. (i) Explaining the absence of competition (see 13.106-1 for brand name purchases) if only one source is solicited and the acquisition does not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold (does not apply to an acquisition of utility services available from only one source); or

      2. (ii) Supporting the award decision if other than price-related factors were considered in selecting the supplier.

3. (c) Notification. For acquisitions that do not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold and for which automatic notification is not provided through an electronic commerce method that employs widespread electronic public notice, notification to unsuccessful suppliers shall be given only if requested or required by 5.301.

4. (d) Request for information. If a supplier requests information on an award that was based on factors other than price alone, a brief explanation of the basis for the contract award decision shall be provided (see 15.503(b)(2)).

5. (e) Taxpayer Identification Number. If an oral solicitation is used, the contracting officer shall ensure that the copy of the award document sent to the payment office is annotated with the contractor’s Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) and type of organization (see 4.203), unless this information will be obtained from some other source (e.g., centralized database). The contracting officer shall disclose to the contractor that the TIN may be used by the Government to collect and report on any delinquent amounts arising out of the contractor’s relationship with the Government (31 U.S.C. 7701(c)(3)).